France After Napoleon
Louis XVIII gave power to lower classes out of fear, but the country thrived
Charles X wanted a return to absolutism, and started a war with Algeria for popular support
Mission Accomplished? At the height of his popularity, Charles X took away rights
Upper classes scared off the king and installed a more sympathetic cousin, Louis Phillippe
Instead of a revolution, the upper classes took the powers of the king. Citizens revolted.
The king abdictated the throne in 1848
Revolts and Revolutions
1846 Austria (Polish separatists)
1847 Swizerland
Radicals vs. Conservatives
1848 Italy (Armed uprising)
1848 France
Lower classes vs. Aristocracy for “universal” suffrage
Socialism vs. liberal capitalism
Louis Napoleon elected head of France
1848 Austria
Aristocracy vs. nationalist minorities
In its weakness, Russia attacked and occupied
1848 Prussia
German nationalists fought off Dutch invaders
Classes were not united until threat of conquest
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